Electromagnetic Spectrum-mpsc science

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Intro of Electromagnetic Spectrum

➤The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of frequencies, wavelengths and photon energies covering frequencies from below 1 hertz to above 1025 Hz corresponding to wavelengths which are a few kilometers to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves.
➤Generally, in a vacuum electromagnetic waves tend to travel at speeds which is similar to that of light.
However, they do so at a wide range of wavelengths, frequencies, and photon energies.
➤The electromagnetic spectrum consists of a span of all electromagnetic radiation which further contains many subranges which are commonly referred to as portions.
➤ The electromagnetic waves in these different bands have different characteristics depending upon how they are produced, how they interact with matter and their practical applications.
➤ Maxwell’s equations predicted the existence of an infinite number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves, all travelling with the speed of light.
➤ This is the first indication of the existence of the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
➤These can be further classified as infra-red radiation, visible light or ultraviolet radiation

Radio

➤ A radio basically captures radio waves that are transmitted by radio stations.
➤ Radio waves can also be emitted by gases and stars in space. Radio waves are mainly used for TV/mobile communication.

Microwave

➤This type of radiation is found in microwaves and helps in cooking at home/office. It is also used by astronomers to determine and understand the structure of nearby galaxies and stars.

Infrared

➤It is used widely in night vision goggles.
➤ These devices can read and capture the infrared light emitted by our skin and objects with heat.
➤ In space, infrared light helps to map the interstellar dust.

X-ray

➤ X-rays can be used in many instances. For example, a doctor can use an x-ray machine to take an image of our bone or teeth.
➤ Airport security personnel use it to see through and check bags. X-rays are also given out by hot gases in the universe

Gamma-ray

➤ It has a wide application in the medical field. Gamma-ray imaging is used to see inside our bodies. Interestingly, the universe is the biggest gamma-ray generator of all.

Visible

➤ Visible light can be detected by our eyes. Light bulbs, stars, etc. emit visible light.

Ultraviolet

➤ Sun is the main source of ultraviolet radiation. It causes skin tanning and burns.
➤ Hot materials that are in space also emit UV radiations.

Spectroscopy

➤spectroscopy is used to study the way different electromagnetic waves interact with the matter
➤ we can learn about a substance by analyzing the EM spectrum given by it. When light scatters or passes through matter, it tends to interact with the molecules and atoms.
➤ Since atoms and molecules have resonance frequencies they directly interact with those light waves having the exact frequencies.
➤ When collisions occur in an excited state, the atoms and molecules emit light with a certain set of characteristic frequencies.
➤ This further results in a line spectrum.
➤ Here, only light with detached wavelengths is produced.
➤ The spectrum is also not continuous but it consists of a set of emission lines.

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